Thermal insulation of
SOLID WOOD WALLS deals with:
1. House temperature
2. Thermal protection
3. Moisture protection
1. House temperature
a) Ability to store heat
The incredible wood’s ability to store heat contributes to create a balanced climate, since it prevents sudden changes in temperature (day-night, weather conditions). According to EnEV 2002,
the house temperature of low-consumption houses
is highly affected by the ability of its components to store heat. MHM WALLS are particularly suitable for buildings featuring a massive monolithic structure. As far as the ability to store heat is concerned,
SOLID WOOD WALLS feature higher standards than similar masonry structures.
As shown in the table below, a 34-cm-thick MHM WALL, provided with both internal and external coating, features a 17%-higher ability to store heat than a 36,5-cm-thick wall of light perforated bricks with a similar value of thermal insulation.
In comparison with a 24-cm-thick wall of perforated bricks, with total thermal insulation of 10 cm and a similar value of thermal insulation, the MHM WALL is 42 % better.
b) Phase difference
The phase difference is the interval between the occurrence of the maximum temperature on the external surface of a structural element and the occurrence of the maximum temperature on its inner side. It is independent from the ability to store heat of the material. An high value, > 12 hours, is important for summer thermal protection, since it prevents the aggressive impact of high temperatures.
Due to wood’s high ability to store heat, SOLID WOOD WALLS with monolithic structure and total thermal insulation are better than brick structures. The phase difference of any SOLID WOOD WALL is higher than 12 hours or, as shown in the table below, even higher than 24 hours. The phase difference of brick walls is 13% or 65 % lower.
As far as phase difference is concerned, even thinner SOLID WOOD WALLS featuring higher insulation, share the same ability to store heat and the same phase difference. This is mainly due to extraordinary U-values, but also to the insulation system in pressed natural fibre SOLID WOOD WALLS are provided with (manufactured by Doser, Unger- Diffutherm and so on).
The phase difference of a 34-cm-thick SOLID WOOD WALL with 2-cm-thick panels is 26,6 hours, in comparison with 10- to 25-cm-thick SOLID WOOD WALLS which feature a phase difference of 24,1 hours. Even in this case the best results are to be observed at higher levels, to obtain improved values of thermal insulation.
2. Thermal protection
The regulations on energy conservation introduced by the German Federal Republic on 1.02.2002, the so-called EnEV, set out the building of low-consumption houses.
In Germany, the term low-consumption house relates to a building with effective heat requirements of about 70 KWh/m² a year notwithstanding its shape and size. Since EnEV also takes into account hot water and primary energy requirements for domestic use, the values stated by EnEV are partially similar to the ones set out by the regulations on thermal protection or the calculation methods carried out in the neighbouring German-speaking countries.
According to complete calculations carried out by EnEv, the above mentioned low-consumption house features maximum primary energy requirements of about 120 KWh/m² a year.
Based on the calculations carried out by EnEV, new energy-saving buildings were created thanks to the financial support of KfW (Credit Institution for the Reconstruction).
The energy-saving house 60 has maximum primary energy requirements of 60 KWh/m² a year.
The effective thermal requirements of the building are about 40 KWh/m² a year, according to the employed energy source. KfW grants about 3000.- Euros a year.
The energy-saving house 40 has maximum primary energy requirements of 40 KWh/m² a year.
The effective thermal requirements of the building are about 25-30 KWh/m² a year, according to the employed energy source. KfW grants about 10.000.- Euros a year. Together with other important elements employed in the building of roofs, intermediate floors, inner walls and high-quality windows (glass U-values comprised between 1,10 and 0,70 W/m².K), structures realized through
SOLID WOOD WALLS are able to suit the requirements of every kind of building, from low-consumption and energy-saving houses to passive buildings.
The first building erected in the Federal Republic of Germany through SOLID WOOD WALLS complied with the requirements of energy-saving houses 40 and was given the subsidies allocated for passive buildings! (Fickler Building – wall thickness 36 cm + 9 cm of insulation in Pavatex pressed natural fibre, plastered or wooded facade, systems, Effiziento compact heat pump with controlled ventilation and large solar power plant)
2. Moisture Protection
Moisture protection deals with the structural physical features construction elements have shown throughout the year. DIN 4108 provisions set conditions that, together with different calculation methods (such as Glaser method), can monitor the presence of vapour in winter (condensation period) and its evaporation in summer (evaporation period).
The most important condition to perform such a calculation is that winter dew fully evaporates in summer and that the humidity rate of the construction does not increase more than 3% or 5 % as a consequence of the presence of dew.
As shown in the tables below,
SOLID WOOD WALLS featuring different thickness and insulation (insulation in pressed wood fibre, without papers) perform well, that is to say no dew caused by to the diffusion of the humidity through the wall can be observed.
SOLID WOOD WALLS are able to absorb humidity and transfer it to the raising or, through the system of pressed natural fibres, to the surrounding environment.